In-Depth: MediaTek M90 5G-Advanced Modem – Specifications and Features Explained

The MediaTek M90 is an advanced 5G cellular modem solution introduced by MediaTek at Mobile World Congress 2025 (announced in February 2025). It represents MediaTek’s flagship 5G-Advanced modem, designed for high-performance enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) use cases in smartphones and other devices. It conforms to the 3GPP Release 17 standard and aligns with forthcoming Release 18 specifications, positioning it as a bridge toward future 5G-Advanced and early 6G-like capabilities.

This modem succeeds the earlier M80 (which topped out at around 7 Gbps downlink) and introduces significant improvements in speed, efficiency, AI integration, and additional connectivity features. Engineering samples were expected to become available in the second half of 2025, with real-world testing and demonstrations (including partnerships like Vodafone for 6 GHz spectrum trials and Keysight for near-12 Gbps throughput) occurring throughout 2025.

Below is a detailed breakdown of its key specifications and features, compiled from MediaTek’s official announcements and technical descriptions.

Peak Performance and Data Rates

  • Downlink (Download) Speed: Up to 12 Gbps peak theoretical downlink (one of the highest in the industry for mobile modems at launch). Real-world lab and live network tests have demonstrated throughputs such as:
    • Up to 11.6 Gbps in simultaneous 5G NR-DC (Non-Standalone Dual Connectivity) FR1 + FR2 configurations.
    • Around 5.5–11.6 Gbps in various partner demos.
    • 2.5 Gbps in early 6 GHz band trials (using a 200 MHz channel).
  • Uplink (Upload) Performance: Improved by up to 20% compared to previous generations, achieved through 3GPP Release 17 2T-2T Uplink TX Switching (allowing more efficient transmit antenna switching between two transmitters and two receivers).

Frequency Bands and Carrier Aggregation

  • Supports both sub-6 GHz (FR1) and mmWave (FR2) bands for comprehensive coverage and ultra-high-speed scenarios.
    • FR1 (sub-6 GHz): Up to 6 Component Carrier Aggregation (6CC-CA) — a step up from the 4CC in the M80, enabling wider spectrum use and higher combined bandwidth.
    • FR2 (mmWave): Up to 10 Component Carrier Aggregation (10CC-CA).
  • Supports simultaneous FR1 + FR2 connectivity (e.g., NR-DC configurations demonstrated at 10 Gbps+ on live networks).
  • Demonstrated support for the 6 GHz spectrum (upper 6 GHz band) in world-first public network tests, achieving strong indoor/outdoor performance (e.g., 50–180 Mbps uplink in real environments).

AI and Efficiency Features

  • MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI): Integrated AI models that analyze network conditions, detect user patterns/scenarios (e.g., indoor vs. outdoor, stationary vs. moving), optimize power management, reduce latency, and improve overall connectivity and throughput.
    • Includes Smart AI Antenna technology with native body proximity sensing (no external sensors needed) for better signal handling near the user.
    • Location identification accuracy up to 99.5%, aiding features like lost device tracking or precise navigation.
  • MediaTek UltraSave technology: Reduces average power consumption by up to 18% compared to the previous-generation modem, helping extend battery life in power-constrained devices.

Multi-SIM and Dual Connectivity

  • Dual 5G SIM Dual-Active (DSDA) support with dual data capabilities — both SIMs can be 5G active simultaneously and handle data sessions independently (building on MediaTek’s longstanding leadership in dual-SIM tech).

Additional Advanced Features

  • Integrated Satellite Connectivity: Built-in support for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), including satellite connectivity — claimed as the world’s first 5G modem to integrate terrestrial and non-terrestrial connectivity in the same modem IP. This enables hybrid connectivity in areas without cellular coverage (e.g., remote or emergency scenarios).
  • Designed for future-proofing toward 5G-Advanced and early 6G evolution paths, with features like support for emerging standards in Release 18.

Manufacturing and Integration Context

  • The M90 is a standalone modem IP solution, typically integrated into MediaTek’s Dimensity SoC platforms for flagship and high-end smartphones.
  • It emphasizes carrier-grade reliability, broad global band support, and compatibility with evolving 5G networks (including sub-band full duplex and other advanced techniques shown in MWC demos).

These specifications position the M90 as a highly capable modem for demanding applications like 8K video streaming, cloud gaming, AR/VR, large file downloads, and AI-driven services on mobile devices. Actual real-world performance depends on network conditions, carrier aggregation availability, device implementation, and spectrum allocation. For the most up-to-date or device-specific details, refer to MediaTek’s official product page or announcements, as the modem continues to undergo testing and optimization post-launch.

1) Downlink (Download) Speed of MediaTek M90

The downlink (download) speed of the MediaTek M90 5G modem is one of its flagship performance highlights. MediaTek officially positions the M90 as a high-end 5G-Advanced modem capable of delivering exceptional throughput for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) scenarios in smartphones, fixed wireless access (FWA) devices, and other connected products.

Official Peak Downlink Specification

  • Theoretical peak downlink speed: Up to 12 Gbps (12 gigabits per second). This figure is repeatedly confirmed across MediaTek’s official announcements (including the MWC 2025 press release), product page for the M90 modem, and technical descriptions.
    • It represents the maximum achievable download speed under ideal lab conditions with full spectrum utilization, maximum carrier aggregation, optimal modulation, and no real-world impairments.
    • This is a substantial leap from the previous-generation MediaTek M80 modem, which topped out at around 7 Gbps downlink in similar theoretical scenarios.

How the 12 Gbps Peak Is Achieved

The M90 reaches this peak through a combination of advanced 3GPP-standard features and MediaTek-specific optimizations:

  1. Carrier Aggregation (CA) — The modem combines multiple frequency channels (component carriers) to increase total bandwidth and thus throughput.
    • Sub-6 GHz (FR1): Supports up to 6 Component Carrier Aggregation (6CC-CA). This is an upgrade from the M80’s 4CC-CA in sub-6 GHz, allowing wider effective bandwidth when carriers are available (e.g., combining multiple 100 MHz channels).
    • mmWave (FR2): Supports up to 10 Component Carrier Aggregation (10CC-CA). mmWave bands offer very wide channel bandwidths (up to 400–800 MHz per carrier in some deployments), which is key to hitting ultra-high peaks.
  2. Dual Connectivity Modes — Particularly NR-DC (New Radio Dual Connectivity), which combines FR1 (sub-6 GHz for coverage) and FR2 (mmWave for capacity).
    • This hybrid approach is frequently demonstrated in MediaTek’s tests to achieve near-peak speeds.
  3. Advanced Modulation and Coding — The modem supports high-order modulation schemes like 256-QAM (or potentially higher in Release 18-aligned modes) and efficient channel coding to pack more data bits per symbol.
  4. Release 17 and Release 18 Alignment — The M90 conforms to 3GPP Release 17 features (with forward compatibility toward Release 18 5G-Advanced), including enhanced MIMO layers, improved beamforming, and techniques that maximize spectral efficiency.

Demonstrated and Real-World Downlink Performance

While the official spec is 12 Gbps peak, actual measured results in controlled and live environments provide more context on achievable performance:

  • Lab / Emulated Tests
    • Collaboration with Keysight Technologies: Achieved 11.6 Gbps downlink using simultaneous 5G NR-DC FR1 + FR2 connectivity. This is the closest publicly documented result to the theoretical peak, validating that the modem can approach 12 Gbps under near-ideal conditions.
  • Live Network / Operator Trials
    • With Telstra and Ericsson: Near 10 Gbps downlink in a live network using FR1 + FR2 NR-DC.
    • With Verizon and Samsung: 5.5 Gbps peak in FR1 Standalone (SA) using 6CC carrier aggregation over a virtualized RAN setup.
    • With Elisa and Ericsson (mid-2025): Up to 8 Gbps in 5G SA using 6CC downlink aggregation + NR-DC totaling 12 component carriers (including some 4G-refarmed spectrum).
    • With Vodafone (6 GHz band trial, late 2025): Around 2.5 Gbps download using a 200 MHz channel in the upper 6 GHz spectrum — lower due to single-band/single-channel focus, but still impressive for emerging mid-band spectrum.

These results show that while the modem is capable of 10–11.6 Gbps in optimized multi-band setups, real deployments often achieve 5–10 Gbps depending on network configuration, available spectrum, signal quality, device implementation, and congestion.

Factors That Affect Real-World Downlink Speed

Even with a 12 Gbps-capable modem, actual download speeds users experience vary significantly due to:

  • Network deployment — Carrier aggregation availability (most networks use 2–4CC today; 6CC or 10CC is rare), mmWave coverage (limited to dense urban/hotspot areas), and spectrum bandwidth per carrier.
  • Signal conditions — Distance from tower, interference, indoor vs. outdoor, mobility.
  • Device factors — Antenna design, thermal throttling, power-saving modes.
  • Network load — Shared spectrum among users reduces per-device throughput.
  • 6 GHz adoption — Emerging trials show promise (e.g., 2.5 Gbps on 200 MHz), but widespread commercial use is still developing as of early 2026.

Comparison Context

  • The M90’s 12 Gbps downlink places it among the highest theoretical peaks for mobile 5G modems announced around MWC 2025.
  • Competitors like Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X80 (also ~10–12 Gbps class in similar timeframes) target comparable eMBB performance.
  • This speed supports demanding use cases: ultra-fast 8K video streaming, large cloud game downloads, AR/VR content delivery, and AI model syncing in seconds rather than minutes.

In summary, the MediaTek M90’s downlink capability is officially rated at up to 12 Gbps peak, enabled primarily by extensive carrier aggregation (6CC FR1 + 10CC FR2), NR-DC, and 5G-Advanced optimizations. Demonstrated results consistently reach 8–11.6 Gbps in advanced tests, making it one of the most capable mobile modems for high-throughput scenarios, though everyday speeds depend heavily on the surrounding network ecosystem.

2) Carrier Aggregation (CA)

Carrier Aggregation (CA) is one of the most important technologies in modern cellular networks, including 5G, that allows a device to combine multiple frequency channels (called component carriers or CCs) into a single, wider logical channel. This increases the total available bandwidth, boosts data throughput (speed), improves reliability, and enhances overall network efficiency without needing entirely new spectrum.

In the context of the MediaTek M90 5G modem, carrier aggregation is a core enabler of its flagship performance, particularly the up to 12 Gbps peak downlink speed. The M90 pushes carrier aggregation further than its predecessor (the M80, which supported up to 4CC in sub-6 GHz), aligning with 3GPP Release 17 capabilities and preparing for Release 18 5G-Advanced features.

What is Carrier Aggregation in Detail?

  • Basic Concept — A single 5G connection uses one or more “component carriers.” Each CC is a chunk of spectrum (e.g., 20 MHz, 100 MHz, or 400 MHz wide) on a specific frequency band. By aggregating multiple CCs, the modem treats them as one unified pipe, multiplying bandwidth and speed.
  • Types of Aggregation:
    • Intra-band CA — All CCs are within the same frequency band (contiguous or non-contiguous).
    • Inter-band CA — CCs from different frequency bands.
    • Mixed Duplex — Combining TDD (Time Division Duplex) and FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) carriers for flexibility.
  • Benefits:
    • Higher peak and average speeds.
    • Better load balancing across spectrum.
    • Improved coverage and capacity in dense or fragmented spectrum environments.
  • Downlink vs. Uplink — Most CA emphasis is on downlink (download), but uplink CA is also supported in advanced modems like the M90 for symmetric or high-upload scenarios.

MediaTek M90 Carrier Aggregation Specifications

The M90 supports significantly enhanced CA compared to previous generations:

  1. Sub-6 GHz (FR1 – Frequency Range 1):
    • Up to 6 Component Carrier Aggregation (6CC-CA).
    • This is a major upgrade from the M80’s 4CC-CA in FR1.
    • FR1 bands (typically 600 MHz to 6 GHz, including emerging 6 GHz) provide wide coverage and good penetration.
    • Real-world examples:
      • MediaTek demonstrated 5.5 Gbps peak downlink in 5G Standalone (SA) mode using 6CC-CA on FR1, in collaboration with Verizon and Samsung (over virtualized RAN).
      • In a European trial with Elisa and Ericsson (June 2025), the M90 achieved up to 8 Gbps downlink in a live 5G SA network by aggregating 6 CCs for downlink CA, combined with NR-DC (New Radio Dual Connectivity) for a total of 12 component carriers (including some refarmed 4G spectrum).
  2. mmWave (FR2 – Frequency Range 2):
    • Up to 10 Component Carrier Aggregation (10CC-CA).
    • mmWave bands (24–100 GHz, typically 24–47 GHz in commercial use) offer extremely wide channel bandwidths (up to 400–800 MHz per CC), making them ideal for ultra-high speeds in dense urban/hotspot areas.
    • High CC count in FR2 helps maximize capacity where spectrum is abundant but coverage is limited.
  3. Combined / Dual Connectivity Modes:
    • The M90 excels in NR-DC (New Radio Dual Connectivity), which combines FR1 + FR2 carriers simultaneously.
      • This hybrid approach uses sub-6 GHz for reliable coverage and mmWave for massive capacity.
      • Demonstrated results include:
        • 11.6 Gbps downlink in lab tests with Keysight (simultaneous FR1 + FR2 NR-DC).
        • Near 10 Gbps in live network trials with Telstra and Ericsson.
    • In the Elisa/ericsson test, NR-DC enabled a total of 12 CCs across FR1 and other bands, showcasing how the M90 handles complex multi-band/multi-CC setups.

How Carrier Aggregation Contributes to the M90’s 12 Gbps Peak Downlink

  • The 12 Gbps theoretical peak is achieved by maximizing total aggregated bandwidth + high spectral efficiency.
    • Example calculation (simplified): If each CC uses high modulation (e.g., 256-QAM), many MIMO layers (e.g., 4×4 or 8×8), and wide channels, aggregating 6–10+ CCs can push throughput toward double digits.
    • In practice, mmWave’s wide channels (often 100–400 MHz each) contribute the most to peak figures, while FR1’s 6CC helps in broader deployments.
  • Real-world speeds are lower (5–11 Gbps in demos) due to factors like available spectrum per carrier, signal quality, network load, and device implementation.

Additional Notes on M90 CA Implementation

  • Supports contiguous and non-contiguous aggregation (useful when spectrum isn’t perfectly aligned).
  • Compatible with mixed TDD/FDD for flexible operator deployments.
  • Works with emerging spectrum like upper 6 GHz (demonstrated in Vodafone trials at ~2.5 Gbps on a 200 MHz channel).
  • The modem’s MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI) optimizes CA dynamically by analyzing network conditions, user scenarios, and power states to select the best combination of carriers.

In summary, the MediaTek M90 sets a high bar for carrier aggregation in mobile 5G modems with up to 6CC in FR1 (sub-6 GHz) and up to 10CC in FR2 (mmWave), plus advanced NR-DC for combining them. This capability directly enables its industry-leading peak downlink speeds and positions it well for 5G-Advanced networks, where wider, more aggregated spectrum becomes essential for applications like 8K streaming, AR/VR, and massive AI data transfers. Actual performance depends heavily on operator spectrum holdings and network configuration.

3) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a fundamental wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter (e.g., base station or gNodeB in 5G) and the receiver (e.g., smartphone or user equipment) to send and receive data more efficiently over the same frequency spectrum. In 5G NR (New Radio), MIMO is dramatically enhanced compared to previous generations like 4G LTE, becoming one of the core pillars—alongside wider bandwidths, carrier aggregation, and higher-order modulation—for achieving ultra-high speeds, massive capacity, low latency, and reliable connectivity.

MIMO exploits the spatial domain (the physical separation of antennas) to create independent communication paths (called spatial streams or layers) through multipath propagation in the environment. This allows more data to be transmitted simultaneously without requiring additional spectrum.

Basic Principle of MIMO

In traditional Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems, one antenna transmits and one receives, limiting performance to basic Shannon capacity. MIMO changes this by:

  • Multiple antennas create multiple parallel channels over the same time-frequency resources.
  • Signals travel through the wireless channel via different paths (reflections, diffractions), arriving with unique phase/amplitude characteristics at each receive antenna.
  • Advanced signal processing (e.g., precoding at transmitter, equalization at receiver) separates these paths to recover independent data streams.

The notation NxM MIMO indicates N transmit antennas and M receive antennas (e.g., 4×4 MIMO means 4 transmit and 4 receive antennas).

Key Benefits of MIMO in 5G

  1. Higher Data Rates (Throughput) — Via spatial multiplexing, multiple independent data streams (layers) are sent simultaneously.
  2. Improved Reliability and Coverage — Via spatial diversity, the same data is sent redundantly over multiple paths to combat fading and interference.
  3. Increased Spectral Efficiency — More bits per Hz, allowing networks to serve more users with the same spectrum.
  4. Better Interference Management — Especially in dense urban areas or with many users.
  5. Energy Efficiency — Focused transmission reduces wasted power.

Types of MIMO in 5G

5G supports several MIMO variants, building on each other:

  1. SU-MIMO (Single-User MIMO)
    • Focuses on one user device at a time.
    • The base station sends multiple spatial layers to a single UE.
    • Example: A smartphone with 4 receive antennas can handle up to 4 layers downlink for higher personal speed.
  2. MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO)
    • Serves multiple users simultaneously using the same time-frequency resources.
    • The base station spatially separates users (like different beams) and assigns different layers to different users.
    • Dramatically increases cell capacity in crowded areas (e.g., stadiums, urban hotspots).
  3. Massive MIMO
    • The defining MIMO advancement in 5G.
    • Uses a very large number of antennas at the base station (typically 32, 64, 128, or more elements in arrays).
    • Enables MU-MIMO with dozens of simultaneous users and high-order spatial multiplexing.
    • Massive MIMO is most effective in sub-6 GHz (FR1) mid-bands for wide coverage and capacity, and in mmWave (FR2) for ultra-high speeds in hotspots (though mmWave arrays are physically smaller due to shorter wavelengths).

Massive MIMO relies on three intertwined techniques:

  • Spatial Multiplexing — Transmits multiple independent data streams (layers) over the same resources. 5G NR supports up to 8 layers downlink and 4 layers uplink in many configurations (higher in some advanced setups).
  • Beamforming — Directs radio energy in focused beams toward specific users/devices rather than broadcasting omnidirectionally. This increases signal strength, reduces interference, and extends range. In massive MIMO, digital beamforming (precoding across many antennas) or hybrid beamforming (combining analog and digital) is common.
  • Spatial Diversity — Sends redundant copies of data over multiple paths/antennas to improve link reliability (used when conditions are poor or for control channels).

How Massive MIMO Works Technically

  • Channel State Information (CSI) — The UE measures the channel using reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS in 5G) and feeds back information (e.g., Rank Indicator for supported layers, Precoder Matrix Indicator, Channel Quality Indicator).
  • Precoding — The base station applies weights to each antenna to form beams and multiplex layers.
  • Antenna Arrays — Often arranged in panels (e.g., 8×8 or larger) with dual polarization (horizontal + vertical) to double effective paths without extra physical space.
  • In FR1 (sub-6 GHz) — Massive MIMO typically uses 64T64R or 32T32R configurations (T = transmit, R = receive ports/elements).
  • In FR2 (mmWave) — Arrays can be 256+ elements due to tiny antenna size at high frequencies, but often hybrid beamforming due to power/cost constraints.

MIMO in Device Side (e.g., Smartphones with Modems like MediaTek M90)

On the UE side, MIMO support is more limited due to size, power, and thermal constraints:

  • Common configurations: 4×4 MIMO downlink (4 receive antennas) in flagship phones.
  • Some support 2×2 or 4×4 uplink.
  • The modem processes multiple layers (e.g., up to 4–8 downlink layers depending on implementation).
  • Advanced modems combine MIMO with carrier aggregation and high modulation (e.g., 256-QAM or 1024-QAM) for peak performance.

Comparison: 4G LTE vs. 5G NR MIMO

  • 4G LTE — Typically 2×2 or 4×4 MIMO, basic MU-MIMO in later releases.
  • 5G NR — Massive MIMO standard, up to 8 layers DL, extensive MU-MIMO, beam management (especially in mmWave with beam sweeping), and 3D beamforming (azimuth + elevation).

In practice, massive MIMO + beamforming + carrier aggregation enables 5G’s gigabit+ speeds and supports demanding applications like 8K video, AR/VR, cloud gaming, and massive IoT. However, real-world gains depend on network deployment (e.g., antenna count, spectrum bands), device capabilities, and environmental factors (e.g., line-of-sight in mmWave).

MIMO remains a foundational technology evolving toward even larger arrays (ultra-massive MIMO) in 6G concepts.

4) Uplink (Upload) Performance of MediaTek M90 modem

The uplink (upload) performance of the MediaTek M90 5G modem is a significant area of improvement over previous generations, though it receives less emphasis in announcements compared to the headline-grabbing 12 Gbps downlink peak. MediaTek positions the M90 as delivering up to 20% better uplink performance relative to its predecessor (the M80), primarily through adoption of 3GPP Release 17 uplink enhancements. Unlike downlink, MediaTek has not publicly disclosed an absolute theoretical peak uplink speed for the M90 (e.g., no “X Gbps” figure is quoted in official specs or press materials). Instead, the focus is on relative gains, efficiency, and demonstrated real-world/lab results.

This reflects industry trends: uplink speeds in 5G remain asymmetric (much lower than downlink) due to device power/thermal constraints, antenna limitations in smartphones, and network prioritization of download-heavy use cases. However, the M90 advances uplink noticeably for applications like high-resolution video calls, live streaming, cloud backups, AR/VR content creation, and professional uploads.

Official Uplink Improvement Claim

  • Up to +20% uplink performance compared to previous-generation MediaTek modems (specifically vs. the M80 or equivalent Rel-16 implementations). This is repeatedly stated in MediaTek’s official MWC 2025 announcement, product page, and technical blogs. The primary enabler is 3GPP Release 17 2T-2T Uplink TX Switching (also called UL Tx Switching or Uplink Transmit Switching).

Key Technology: Release 17 2T-2T Uplink TX Switching

This is the cornerstone of the M90’s uplink gains. Here’s a detailed explanation:

  • What it does — In traditional 5G uplink, a smartphone typically uses one transmitter chain at a time (even if it has multiple antennas) to avoid intermodulation distortion and power amplifier inefficiencies. Release 17 introduces 2T-2T switching, allowing the device to dynamically switch or use two transmit (T) chains (two power amplifiers/antennas) more effectively across carriers or bands.
  • Benefits:
    • Combines uplink carrier aggregation (UL CA) with uplink MIMO more efficiently.
    • Allows simultaneous or rapid switching between two transmit paths without performance drops.
    • Improves spectral efficiency, reduces latency in switching, and increases total transmit power capability.
    • Enables better use of multiple uplink component carriers (e.g., 2CC uplink CA mixing TDD and FDD bands).
  • Result: Up to 20% higher uplink throughput in comparable conditions (same spectrum, same modulation, same MIMO layers), plus better reliability under varying signal conditions.
  • This feature requires network support (base station must handle Release 17 UL Tx Switching), but it is backward-compatible and increasingly rolled out in 5G-Advanced networks.

Demonstrated Uplink Performance in Tests

While no absolute theoretical peak (e.g., “X Gbps uplink”) is published, real trials provide concrete data points:

  • Vodafone + MediaTek trial (Germany, mid-2025):
    • Achieved 277 Mbps uplink throughput.
    • This was described as a 20% improvement over a comparable Release 16 setup using the same network configuration and spectrum.
    • Used 2CC uplink carrier aggregation (combining TDD + FDD bands) with UL MIMO.
    • Demonstrates practical gains from 2T-2T switching in a live commercial-like environment.
  • T-Mobile + Nokia + MediaTek demo (USA, May 2025):
    • Record-breaking 550 Mbps uplink in sub-6 GHz spectrum — the world’s first such achievement with Release 17 UL Tx Switching at the time.
    • Conducted on a flagship test smartphone integrating the M90 modem.
    • This shows the modem’s capability in high-spectrum scenarios (likely wide aggregated channels + high-order UL MIMO + Tx switching).
  • Vodafone 6 GHz band trial (late 2025):
    • Uplink speeds of 50–180 Mbps in real public indoor/outdoor environments using a 200 MHz channel in upper 6 GHz.
    • While lower than the above peaks (due to single-band focus and real-world conditions like walls/interference), it highlights solid uplink stability in emerging mid-band spectrum.

These results indicate that under optimized conditions (good signal, supported aggregation, low congestion), the M90 can deliver uplink in the hundreds of Mbps range — a substantial step up from typical 5G uploads of 20–100 Mbps on older modems.

Factors Influencing Real-World Uplink Performance

Uplink is more constrained than downlink due to:

  • Device-side limits — Smartphones usually support 2×2 or 4×4 UL MIMO at most (vs. 4×4 or higher DL), and transmit power is capped (typically 23–26 dBm total) to meet SAR regulations and battery life.
  • Spectrum availability — Uplink CA is less common/wide than downlink; many networks allocate narrower uplink channels.
  • Modulation & layers — Supports high-order like 256-QAM uplink, but real gains depend on signal quality.
  • Power & thermal — Continuous high-power uplink drains battery faster and causes throttling.
  • Network prioritization — Operators often favor downlink for consumer traffic.

The M90 mitigates some of these via MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI), which optimizes transmit power, antenna selection, and carrier usage dynamically based on scenarios (e.g., stationary vs. moving, indoor vs. outdoor), helping sustain better uplink efficiency and reduce power draw.

Comparison Context

  • Previous MediaTek modems (e.g., M80): Typical uplink gains were smaller; Rel-16 UL Tx Switching offered less flexibility.
  • Competitors: Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X80 and similar modems also adopt Rel-17 UL Tx Switching, targeting comparable ~20%+ uplink improvements and multi-hundred Mbps demos.
  • Industry trend: Uplink records are climbing (e.g., T-Mobile’s 550 Mbps milestone with M90), driven by 5G-Advanced features, but everyday user uploads remain 50–300 Mbps in good coverage.

In summary, the MediaTek M90 does not specify an absolute peak uplink speed but emphasizes a practical 20% uplift through Release 17 2T-2T Uplink TX Switching, enabling better UL CA + MIMO efficiency. Demonstrated results range from 50–180 Mbps in real 6 GHz indoor tests to 277 Mbps (Vodafone) and up to 550 Mbps (T-Mobile record) in optimized sub-6 GHz setups. This makes the M90 well-suited for upload-intensive future applications in 5G-Advanced networks, though actual performance varies widely with network deployment, device design, and conditions.

5) MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI)

MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI), often referred to as MMAI or MediaTek Modem AI 2.0 in the context of the M90, is an integrated artificial intelligence framework built directly into the MediaTek M90 5G modem. Announced at Mobile World Congress 2025, it represents MediaTek’s second-generation intelligent modem AI solution (hence “2.0” in some references). Unlike traditional modems that rely solely on rule-based algorithms or static configurations for connectivity management, MMAI uses embedded AI models to make dynamic, real-time decisions about network behavior, power usage, antenna tuning, and overall performance optimization.

The primary goals of MMAI in the M90 are to:

  • Enhance power efficiency (reducing battery drain in smartphones and other devices).
  • Improve connectivity reliability and throughput in challenging or changing environments.
  • Reduce latency for smoother real-time applications (e.g., gaming, video calls, AR/VR).
  • Maximize user experience by adapting to how the device is used, held, or positioned.

MMAI operates entirely within the modem IP block (no heavy reliance on the main application processor’s AI engines), allowing low-latency, always-on intelligence tailored specifically to cellular connectivity.

Core Components and How MMAI Works

MMAI incorporates multiple AI-driven features and models, trained on vast datasets of real-world network conditions, device usage patterns, antenna impedance measurements, and signal data. Key aspects include:

  1. Recognition of Usage Patterns and Scenarios
    • The AI continuously monitors and classifies user activities and environmental contexts, such as:
      • Stationary vs. moving (e.g., walking, driving, sitting).
      • Indoor vs. outdoor environments.
      • Specific applications in use (e.g., streaming video, browsing, gaming, video calls).
      • Device orientation and grip (how the user is holding the phone, which affects antenna performance).
    • By learning these patterns over time (on-device learning/adaptation), MMAI predicts and adjusts connectivity parameters proactively rather than reactively.
    • This results in a more stable connection, fewer drops, and optimized resource allocation (e.g., prioritizing low-latency paths during gaming).
  2. Smart AI Antenna Technology
    • One of the standout features of MMAI in the M90 is native body proximity sensing and Smart Antenna optimization — achieved without external proximity sensors.
    • The AI analyzes massive amounts of antenna impedance data and signal quality metrics in real time.
    • It detects when the user’s hand/body is blocking or detuning antennas (a common issue in smartphones due to grip).
    • Dynamically adjusts antenna tuning, beam selection, transmit power, or switching between antenna arrays to maintain optimal signal strength and throughput.
    • MediaTek claims this can boost effective data throughput by up to 30% in obstructed scenarios (e.g., hand-held use indoors).
    • It also improves call quality (clearer voice) and streaming stability by reducing packet loss and jitter.
  3. Power Consumption and Latency Optimization
    • MMAI identifies data traffic patterns (e.g., bursty downloads vs. constant low-rate IoT pings vs. sustained uploads).
    • It fine-tunes modem parameters like:
      • Sleep/doze modes.
      • Carrier aggregation decisions.
      • MIMO layer usage.
      • Transmit power levels.
      • Modulation and coding schemes.
    • This leads to lower average power draw (contributing to the M90’s overall UltraSave technology, which reduces power by up to 18% vs. prior generations).
    • Latency is reduced by predicting network congestion or handover events and preemptively selecting better paths (e.g., switching bands or aggregation combinations).
  4. Network Environment Analysis
    • The AI evaluates real-time network conditions (signal strength, interference, cell load, available bands).
    • It optimizes carrier selection, handover timing, and dual connectivity (e.g., FR1 + FR2 NR-DC) for best performance.
    • In hybrid terrestrial + satellite scenarios (supported by M90’s NTN integration), MMAI helps seamless switching or blending.
  5. Additional Intelligence Features
    • High-accuracy location/context identification (up to 99.5% in some scenarios), useful for features like lost device tracking or precise indoor navigation.
    • Integration with broader MediaTek ecosystem (e.g., similar MMAI appears in Dimensity Auto platforms for vehicles, showing cross-product consistency).

Technical Implementation Notes

  • On-Device AI Models — MMAI runs lightweight, efficient neural networks or decision trees directly in the modem hardware, ensuring minimal power overhead and no dependency on cloud processing for core functions.
  • Training Approach — Models are pre-trained on aggregated, anonymized data from millions of devices (antenna impedance, signal logs, usage traces), then fine-tuned on-device for personalization.
  • Backward Compatibility — Works with existing 5G networks but unlocks full potential on 5G-Advanced (Release 17/18) deployments with advanced features like enhanced beam management.
  • Demonstrations — MediaTek showcased MMAI capabilities at MWC 2025 (e.g., with Anritsu for Smart AI Antenna) and in videos highlighting dynamic adaptation to grip, movement, and environment.

Benefits in Real-World Use

  • Battery Life Extension — By avoiding unnecessary high-power states and optimizing for actual needs, devices last longer on a charge during mixed usage.
  • Consistent Performance — Fewer speed dips or connection interruptions in crowded, indoor, or mobility-heavy scenarios.
  • Better Upload/Download Experience — Especially useful for content creators (live streaming), gamers (low latency), or professionals (cloud sync).
  • Future-Proofing — As networks evolve toward 5G-Advanced and 6G, MMAI’s adaptive nature helps maintain advantages without hardware changes.

In summary, MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI) in the M90 transforms the modem from a passive connectivity engine into an intelligent, context-aware system. By leveraging on-device AI for usage pattern recognition, Smart Antenna tuning (with body proximity detection), power/latency optimization, and network adaptation, it delivers tangible improvements in efficiency, reliability, and speed — particularly in challenging real-world conditions. This makes the M90 one of the most advanced mobile modems available for 5G-Advanced era devices, with engineering samples rolling out in late 2025 and commercial integration expected in flagship smartphones thereafter.

6) MediaTek UltraSave

MediaTek UltraSave is MediaTek’s proprietary suite of power-saving technologies specifically designed for its 5G modems, with the version integrated into the MediaTek M90 referred to as MediaTek 5G UltraSave 4.0 (or simply UltraSave in many announcements). This technology focuses on significantly reducing power consumption across various operational states—active data transfer, connected standby, idle mode, and high-speed scenarios—while maintaining or even enhancing performance in demanding 5G-Advanced use cases.

UltraSave plays a critical role in addressing one of the biggest challenges in modern smartphones and connected devices: battery drain from always-on 5G connectivity, especially with high-throughput features like extensive carrier aggregation, mmWave, dual connectivity, and AI-enhanced operations. By optimizing modem behavior at the hardware and protocol levels, UltraSave helps extend battery life, making flagship devices with the M90 more practical for prolonged use in real-world scenarios such as streaming, gaming, video calls, or large uploads/downloads.

Official Power-Saving Claims for the M90

MediaTek consistently highlights two key quantified improvements for the M90 with UltraSave 4.0:

  • Up to 18% reduction in average power consumption compared to the previous-generation modem (the M80). This “average” figure accounts for typical mixed-usage patterns (e.g., browsing, streaming, idle periods, occasional high-speed bursts), making it a realistic everyday benefit rather than a peak-only claim.
  • Up to 15% reduction in idle power use through implementation of the 3GPP Release 17 Paging Early Indication (PEI) feature. Idle mode is when the device is connected to the network but not actively transferring data (e.g., waiting for notifications or incoming calls). PEI allows the network to signal the device early if a page (incoming call/data) is coming, letting the modem stay in deeper sleep longer and wake up less frequently for unnecessary checks.

These gains are achieved even as the M90 supports much higher performance (e.g., 12 Gbps downlink peak, 6CC/10CC carrier aggregation, and advanced uplink features), demonstrating that the modem delivers more capability with less energy.

How UltraSave Achieves These Savings

UltraSave 4.0 builds on MediaTek’s long-standing UltraSave portfolio (used in earlier modems like the M70/M80) but is refined for 5G-Advanced (Release 17/18-aligned) demands. It combines 3GPP-standard power-saving features with MediaTek-specific optimizations. Key mechanisms include:

  1. Tx/Rx Optimization
    • Dynamically adjusts transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) paths, power amplifier usage, and antenna configurations to minimize energy waste during data transfer.
    • Works in tandem with MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI 2.0) to predict traffic patterns and reduce unnecessary high-power states.
  2. Scheduling Optimization
    • Intelligently schedules data transmissions and receptions to align with network grants, reducing wake-ups and idle listening time.
  3. Dynamic Bandwidth Part (BWP)
    • 5G NR allows switching between different Bandwidth Parts (narrower or wider spectrum chunks) based on needs. UltraSave uses dynamic BWP to drop to narrower BWPs during low-activity periods, slashing power without disconnecting.
  4. Connected Mode Discontinuous Reception (C-DRX)
    • In connected state, the modem enters short sleep cycles between scheduled data opportunities, waking only when needed. UltraSave fine-tunes DRX parameters for better efficiency.
  5. Wake-up Signal (WUS)
    • A low-power signal from the network tells the modem if it needs to wake for paging or data, avoiding constant monitoring of the control channel.
  6. Secondary Cell (SCell) Dormancy
    • In carrier aggregation setups (e.g., 6CC FR1 or 10CC FR2 in the M90), secondary cells can be put into a low-power “dormant” state when not actively needed, reactivating quickly when bandwidth demand spikes.
  7. Wakeup Optimization and Peripheral Optimization
    • Reduces overhead in waking the modem from sleep and optimizes interactions with other device peripherals (e.g., minimizing bus activity or voltage rails).
  8. Voltage Optimization
    • Dynamically scales voltage supplied to modem components based on workload, lowering power in lighter states.

These techniques are layered: some are always active (e.g., voltage scaling), while others activate contextually (e.g., SCell dormancy during multi-carrier use).

Synergy with Other M90 Features

UltraSave does not operate in isolation—it integrates closely with:

  • MediaTek Modem AI 2.0 (MMAI) — AI analyzes usage scenarios (e.g., stationary streaming vs. moving browsing), network conditions, and traffic patterns to trigger the most efficient UltraSave modes proactively. This synergy amplifies savings beyond what static rules could achieve.
  • Smart AI Antenna — By optimizing antenna performance (e.g., avoiding blocked paths), the modem transmits/receives more efficiently, reducing retry attempts and power-hungry retransmissions.
  • High-performance features like carrier aggregation and NR-DC — UltraSave ensures these don’t excessively drain the battery by aggressively powering down unused components.

Real-World Impact

In practice, the 18% average and 15% idle savings translate to noticeably longer battery life during 5G-heavy activities (e.g., 4K/8K streaming, cloud gaming, AR/VR, or large file syncs). Devices stay cooler under load, and users experience fewer compromises between performance and endurance. These figures are lab-validated by MediaTek (often compared directly to the M80 under identical test conditions) and align with industry trends toward sustainable high-performance connectivity.

In summary, MediaTek UltraSave 4.0 in the M90 is a comprehensive, multi-layered power management framework that delivers up to 18% lower average power and 15% lower idle power through a blend of 3GPP Release 17 features (like PEI, WUS, dynamic BWP) and MediaTek-proprietary optimizations (Tx/Rx scheduling, voltage scaling, AI-driven decisions). It ensures the modem’s flagship speeds and advanced capabilities remain practical in battery-constrained mobile devices, contributing to better overall user experience in the 5G-Advanced era.

7) Dual 5G SIM Dual-Active (DSDA)

Dual 5G SIM Dual-Active (DSDA), often abbreviated as DSDA, is a advanced dual-SIM capability supported by the MediaTek M90 5G modem. It allows a device (typically a smartphone) to keep two 5G SIM cards active simultaneously for both voice and data operations, with the key distinction that both SIMs can engage in independent data sessions at the same time (dual data capability). This represents a significant upgrade over more common dual-SIM configurations and builds on MediaTek’s long-standing leadership in multi-SIM technologies.

MediaTek officially describes this feature in the M90 as “dual 5G SIM dual-active support with dual data capabilities” (or variations like “5G Dual SIM Dual Active, with Dual Data”). It aligns with the Multimode Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) standard that MediaTek has pioneered and refined across generations, extending full 5G support to both SIMs.

Key Differences: DSDA vs. Other Dual-SIM Modes

To understand DSDA fully, compare it to the more widespread alternatives:

  • DSDS (Dual SIM Dual Standby) — The most common mode in most smartphones (including many 5G devices).
    • Both SIMs are registered and standby on the network.
    • Only one SIM can be active for data or voice at a time.
    • If one SIM is using data, the other can receive incoming calls/SMS but cannot use data simultaneously.
    • Switching between SIMs for data requires manual intervention or automatic fallback.
  • DSDA (Dual SIM Dual Active) — What the M90 enables for 5G.
    • Both SIMs remain fully active and registered.
    • Both SIMs can handle voice calls independently (one can be on a call while the other receives another).
    • Both SIMs can use data simultaneously (dual data), allowing independent internet sessions, downloads, streaming, or uploads on each SIM without interruption.
    • No need to drop one connection to use the other for data.
  • Multimode Aspect — The M90’s DSDA is multimode, meaning it supports flexible combinations across radio access technologies (RATs):
    • 5G + 5G (both SIMs on 5G Standalone or Non-Standalone).
    • 5G + 4G (one on 5G, one on LTE).
    • 4G + 4G (both on LTE). This multimode flexibility ensures compatibility with diverse carrier deployments worldwide.

MediaTek has emphasized its industry leadership here:

  • First to achieve Multimode DSDA (2021 in earlier modems).
  • First with 5G SA + 5G SA dual-active (2020).
  • The M90 extends this to full 5G-Advanced alignment (Release 17/18), with higher performance and efficiency.

Technical Implementation in the M90

Implementing true DSDA in a mobile modem is challenging due to hardware constraints (antennas, RF chains, power, thermal limits) and network coordination. The M90 achieves it through:

  1. Dual RF Transceiver Chains
    • The modem includes separate or highly flexible RF paths (transmit/receive chains) for each SIM, allowing independent operation without shared hardware bottlenecks.
    • Supports simultaneous uplink/downlink on both SIMs, including carrier aggregation (CA) and MIMO on each.
  2. Advanced Antenna Sharing and Tuning
    • Smart switching and tuning of shared antennas (most smartphones have 4–8 antennas total).
    • MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI 2.0) plays a role here by dynamically optimizing antenna usage, power allocation, and beam selection for both SIMs based on real-time conditions (e.g., signal strength, user grip, network load).
    • This helps maintain performance and efficiency without excessive battery drain or heat.
  3. Protocol and Network Coordination
    • Leverages 3GPP standards for dual registration and independent paging/traffic handling.
    • Supports mixed duplex modes (TDD/FDD) and bands across SIMs.
    • Handles independent handovers, cell reselection, and measurements for each SIM.
  4. Power and Thermal Management
    • MediaTek UltraSave 4.0 mitigates the higher power draw of dual-active operation by optimizing idle/connected states, voltage scaling, and discontinuous reception (DRX) for both SIMs.
    • AI-driven decisions reduce unnecessary activity on the less-used SIM.

Practical Benefits and Use Cases

DSDA in the M90 is particularly valuable in regions/markets with heavy dual-SIM adoption (e.g., India, China, parts of Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America), where users often have:

  • One SIM for work (e.g., corporate 5G plan) and one for personal use.
  • Travel scenarios: Local SIM for cheap data + home SIM for calls/SMS.
  • High-data needs: Download large files on one SIM while streaming or video calling on the other.
  • Backup reliability: If one network is congested or has poor coverage, the other continues seamlessly.
  • Business/professional use: Simultaneous VoIP calls or data syncing across two lines without switching.

In practice:

  • Both SIMs can achieve high speeds independently (limited only by network spectrum and conditions, not by sharing the modem’s peak capabilities).
  • Voice on one doesn’t interrupt data on the other (no “call interrupt” for browsing).
  • No missed notifications or calls while using data on the primary SIM.

Limitations and Real-World Considerations

  • Device Implementation — Actual DSDA performance depends on the phone’s antenna design, thermal solution, and software optimization. Not all M90-powered devices may expose full dual-data in all bands/modes due to cost or regulatory reasons.
  • Network Support — Carriers must allow dual registration and independent data sessions (most modern 5G networks do, but some legacy setups may limit it).
  • Power Impact — Dual-active uses more battery than single-SIM or DSDS, though UltraSave and MMAI minimize this.
  • Availability — As of early 2026, the M90 is in flagship/high-end Dimensity SoCs or discrete modem platforms; consumer devices with full 5G DSDA are rolling out gradually.

In summary, Dual 5G SIM Dual-Active (DSDA) on the MediaTek M90 enables true simultaneous 5G connectivity on two SIMs with independent voice and dual data sessions across 5G/5G, 5G/4G, or 4G/4G combinations. It builds on MediaTek’s multimode DSDA expertise, leverages the modem’s AI, power-saving, and high-performance features, and delivers substantial advantages for multi-SIM users needing uninterrupted, high-speed access on both lines—making it one of the most advanced dual-SIM solutions in mobile 5G modems.

8) Integrated Satellite Connectivity

Integrated Satellite Connectivity in the MediaTek M90 5G modem refers to its built-in support for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), enabling direct satellite-based communication alongside traditional terrestrial 5G cellular networks. MediaTek positions this as a groundbreaking achievement: the world’s first 5G modem to fully integrate satellite (NTN) connectivity within the same modem IP block, eliminating the need for a separate satellite chip or module. This hybrid approach allows devices to seamlessly blend terrestrial (ground-based towers) and non-terrestrial (satellite) connectivity for truly ubiquitous coverage.

Announced at Mobile World Congress 2025, this feature aligns with 3GPP Release 17 standards (with forward compatibility toward Release 18 5G-Advanced), marking a major step toward global, always-on connectivity—even in remote, rural, maritime, mountainous, disaster-struck, or oceanic areas where traditional cellular infrastructure is absent or damaged.

Why This Integration Is Significant

Historically, satellite connectivity in smartphones required dedicated hardware (e.g., separate NTN-IoT chips paired with a 5G modem, as in some earlier MediaTek solutions or competitors’ implementations). The M90 changes this by embedding NTN directly into the flagship 5G modem IP:

  • Reduces device complexity, cost, size, and power overhead.
  • Enables smoother handovers and hybrid operation between 5G terrestrial and satellite links.
  • Supports both low-data-rate (IoT-style) and high-data-rate (broadband) satellite services in one modem.
  • Positions the M90 for future 5G-Advanced and early 6G scenarios, where NTN is expected to play a larger role in coverage extension.

MediaTek claims leadership here, as no prior 5G modem integrated full NTN support in this unified way.

Supported NTN Standards and Modes

The M90 implements two distinct 3GPP-standard NTN profiles:

  1. IoT-NTN (NB-NTN / Narrowband NTN)
    • Designed for low data rate applications (typically tens to hundreds of kbps).
    • Based on 3GPP Release 17 IoT-NTN specifications (derived from NB-IoT/eMTC adaptations for satellite).
    • Optimized for power-efficient, infrequent, small-packet transmissions.
    • Ideal use cases:
      • Asset tracking (e.g., shipping containers, wildlife, vehicles in remote areas).
      • Environmental sensors, agriculture monitoring, emergency beacons.
      • SMS/text messaging or basic telemetry in no-coverage zones.
    • Low power consumption aligns well with the M90’s UltraSave technology.
  2. NR-NTN (New Radio NTN)
    • Supports high data rate services (broadband connectivity).
    • Based on 3GPP Release 17 NR-NTN (5G NR air interface adapted for satellite).
    • Enables much faster speeds than traditional satellite phones or IoT-NTN.
    • MediaTek’s NR-NTN implementation targets up to ~100 Mbps broadband connectivity in demonstrations (e.g., via Ku-band over LEO satellites).
    • Use cases:
      • Voice/video calls, messaging, web browsing, social media, or light streaming in remote locations.
      • Emergency communications (e.g., disaster response with video feeds).
      • Maritime, aviation, or off-grid professional work requiring reliable internet.
    • Supports higher throughput for eMBB-like experiences when terrestrial 5G is unavailable.

Both modes conform to 3GPP Release 17 NTN specifications, which include adaptations for satellite-specific challenges like high latency (especially in GEO, but lower in LEO), Doppler shift, long propagation delays, power flux density limits, and moving satellites.

Satellite Orbit and Frequency Support

  • Primarily demonstrated with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites (e.g., OneWeb constellation via Eutelsat). LEO offers lower latency (~20–50 ms round-trip) and higher speeds compared to traditional Geostationary (GEO) satellites (~500–600 ms latency).
  • Ku-band NR-NTN — MediaTek has focused trials on Ku-band (around 12–18 GHz), which provides good balance of bandwidth and coverage for broadband NTN.
  • Earlier MediaTek NTN work included other bands, but the M90 emphasizes Ku-band for NR-NTN to enable meaningful broadband performance.

Key Technical Achievements and Trials

MediaTek highlighted several world-firsts tied to the M90’s NTN capabilities (some using test chipsets evolving into the M90):

  • World’s first 5G-Advanced NR-NTN connection over LEO satellites (February 2025, with Eutelsat Group, Airbus Defence and Space, using OneWeb LEO satellites, Ku-band, MediaTek test chipset, ITRI gNB, Sharp antenna array).
  • Successful field trials demonstrating Ku-band NR-NTN broadband over commercial LEO infrastructure.
  • Integration allows seamless fallback or hybrid use: e.g., device prioritizes terrestrial 5G when available, switches to satellite when out of coverage, or aggregates both for redundancy.

Integration with Other M90 Features

  • MediaTek Modem AI (MMAI 2.0) — Likely assists in intelligent handover decisions between terrestrial and satellite links, power management during satellite use (satellite links are power-hungry), and scenario detection (e.g., recognizing remote/outdoor use to activate NTN proactively).
  • UltraSave 4.0 — Helps mitigate the higher energy demands of satellite communication, especially in IoT-NTN mode.
  • Overall Design — NTN is embedded in the same modem IP as 5G FR1/FR2, carrier aggregation, DSDA, etc., enabling compact flagship SoC integration (e.g., in future Dimensity chips).

Real-World Implications and Limitations

  • Enables “ubiquitous connectivity” for smartphones, tablets, wearables, or fixed wireless devices in coverage gaps.
  • Complements services like Apple’s Emergency SOS via satellite or Android’s satellite messaging, but with potential for higher-speed broadband.
  • Actual performance depends on satellite constellation (LEO preferred), regulatory approvals (spectrum, service plans), device antenna design (satellite needs clear sky view), and carrier/operator partnerships.
  • As of February 2026, commercial rollout of M90-powered devices with active NTN services is emerging, with trials and certifications (e.g., Skylo mentions M90 in development/certification contexts) progressing.

In summary, the integrated satellite connectivity of the MediaTek M90 is a pioneering feature that embeds full 3GPP NTN support (IoT-NTN for low-rate IoT and NR-NTN for high-rate broadband) directly into a high-performance 5G modem. This enables hybrid terrestrial-satellite operation, demonstrated with LEO Ku-band trials achieving broadband speeds, and sets the stage for truly global, resilient connectivity in the 5G-Advanced era.

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